Archive for 2017

What is the "tragedy" in Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons?"

What is the "tragedy" in Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons?"



a. Earth cannot support a large population.
b. The sun will eventually die.
c. Everyone dies.
d. Humanity will tend to overstress resources.
e. Humanity will always start wars.




Answer: D

What process defines the greenhouse effect?

What process defines the greenhouse effect?





a. More life can exist in a given area.
b. The planet gets colder.
c. Carbon dioxide builds up in the atmosphere.
d. Carbon dioxide is outgassed by volcanoes.
e. Heat is trapped in the atmosphere.


Answer: E

How do introduced species typically move around the globe?

How do introduced species typically move around the globe?



a. In the holds on container ships
b. As parasitic organisms
c. In the ballast water of ships
d. Along global ocean currents
e. In packaged food



Answer: C

What habitats are hardest hit by pollution?

What habitats are hardest hit by pollution?



a. Atolls
b. Coral reefs
c. The intertidal zone
d. Estuaries
e. The abyssal plain



Answer: D

Why is eutrophication bad for the ocean environment?

Why is eutrophication bad for the ocean environment?



a. Eutrophication Causes red tides.
b. Eutrophicationoften kills primary producers.
c. Eutrophication upsets the natural biological balance of an area.
d. Eutrophicationcauses nutrients to precipitate from waters.
e. Eutrophication slows the growth of phytoplankton



Answer: C

What has resulted from the increase in size of container ships?

What has resulted from the increase in size of container ships?




a. The melting of polar ice has accelerated,
b. Bigger ships have to find new trade routes.
c. Small ships are no longer used.
d. Bigger ships can no longer use the Panama Canal.
e. The decrease in sea level has accelerated.



Answer: D

What did the International Whaling Commission do in 1994 to help protect whales?

What did the International Whaling Commission do in 1994 to help protect whales?




a. Penalized whaling with jail time
b. Placed a moratorium on the slaughter of large whales
c. Stopped people from using whale products
d. Banned whaling in the Arctic sea
e. Banned whaling in 8 million square miles around Antarctica



Answer: E

What is the difference between aquaculture and mariculture?

What is the difference between aquaculture and mariculture?




a. Mariculutre deals with animals while aquaculture deals with plants.
b. Aquaculture must take place in salt water.
c. Mariculture requires estuaries.
d. Aquaculture must take place in fresh water
e. Mariculture is the farming of marine organisms specifically.



Answer: E

Bycatch is best defined as _____.

Bycatch is best defined as _____.



a. leaving too few breeding stock
b. animals unintentionally killed while collecting desirable organisms
c. leaving too many breeding stock
d. the number of fish killed in a net
e. the maximum number of an organism that can be harvested without harming population




Answer: B

What is the main problem with harvesting methane hydrate for energy use?

What is the main problem with harvesting methane hydrate for energy use?




a. Methane hydrate is dangerous and costly to mine.
b. Methane hydrate is only found in waters too deep to mine.
c. Methane hydrate is only found near fragile ecosystems.
d. Methane hydrate is not abundant.
e. Methane hydrate is not volatile and produces poor quality energy.




Answer: A

How are territorial waters defined?

How are territorial waters defined?



a. They extend 18.2 km from the shore.
b. Theyinclude exclusive economic zones.
c. They include straits that might be used for international navigation.
d. They extend 200 km from the shore.
e. They extend to where waves begin to break.




Answer: A

What does the United States Exclusive Economic Zone exclude?

What does the United States Exclusive Economic Zone exclude?



a. The prevention of pollution
b. The sharing of high-seas resources
c. The protection of the ocean
d. Piracy
e. The claim of territorial waters




Answer: B

In our current economic system, prices _____.

In our current economic system, prices _____.




a. do not reflect harmful costs to the environment
b. only reflect supply and demand
c. reflect a true free-market system
d. only increase
e. include harmful costs to the environment



Answer: A

How is nearly one-third of world's table salt produced?

How is nearly one-third of world's table salt produced?



a. Evaporation from seawater
b. Chemical extraction
c. Extraction from rock salt
d. Evaporation from pond water
e. Desalination of ocean water




Answer: A

What factors make wind energy an effective power source over the ocean?

What factors make wind energy an effective power source over the ocean?




a. Windmills can be easily constructed on platforms.
b. The wind tends to be more steady.
c. There is more stress on the gears, which generates more energy.
d. Winds die down at night.
e. The wind comes in large gusts.




Answer: B

What is the deep scattering layer (DSL)?

What is the deep scattering layer (DSL)?



a. The DSL is a dense aggregate of animals that migrate up and down in synchrony with daylight.
b. The DSL is the lowest photosynthetic layer.
c. The DSL is a hydrothermal vent community.
d. The DSL is a dense aggregate of microscopic primary consumers.
e. The DSL is a bathypelagic zone.




Answer: A

How do holoplankton differ from meroplankton?

How do holoplankton differ from meroplankton?



a. Holoplankton are heterotrophs.
b. Holoplankton spend their whole lives in the plankton community.
c. Meroplankton spend their whole lives in the plankton community.
d. Holoplankton are a type of krill.
e. Meroplankton are larger than about 1 centimeter across.



Answer: B

How do motile animals respond to wave shock?

How do motile animals respond to wave shock?



a. They swim away.
b. They use feet to wedge into small cracks.
c. They form shock-absorbing cables to attach to solid surfaces.
d. They move to protective overhangs or crevices.
e. They hang on tightly to rocks.



Answer: D

What is a climax community?

What is a climax community?




a. A climax community is an offshore community.
b. A climax community is a newly formed community.
c. A climax community is a community on an atoll.
d. A climax community is a stable, long-established community.
e. A climax community is a community in the process of succession.




Answer: D

Limiting factors quickly _____.

Limiting factors quickly _____.




a. slow the rate of population growth
b. increase the rate of population growth
c. increase diversity within a habitat
d. create carrying capacity
e. decrease diversity within a habitat



Answer: E

Competition can occur _____.

Competition can occur _____.



a. only within a single population
b. only between different populations
c. only between similar species
d. only between different communities
e. between populations or within a single population






Answer: E

What is the relationship between population and community?

What is the relationship between population and community?




a. Populations exist in the ocean; communities exist on land.
b. Communities make up a population.
c. Communities exist in the ocean; populations exist on land.
d. Populations and communities both live in the ocean.
e. Populations make up a community.





Answer: E

Where is the largest marine community located?

Where is the largest marine community located?



a. on the continental shelf
b. near hydrothermal vents
c. in the deep open-ocean
d. along the eastern coasts of continents
e. along the western coasts of continents






Answer: C

Why are marine mammals relatively large?

Why are marine mammals relatively large?



a. They are heavy.
b. They can be top predators.
c. They can move faster.
d. They lose less body heat through their skin.
e. Larger animals are more streamlined.





Answer: D

What is the function of salt glands in marine reptiles?

What is the function of salt glands in marine reptiles?



a. They bring salt into body cells.
b. They concentrate and excrete excess salt from body fluids.
c. They allow reptiles to breathe under water.
d. They allow reptiles to swim in salt water.
e. They produce extra salt in body fluids.





Answer: B

All fish species have _____.

All fish species have _____.



a. gills for breathing
b. skeletons made of cartilage
c. stinging cells
d. skeletons made of bone
e. highly developed eyesight





Answer: A

Why is striated muscle an evolutionary advancement of arthropods?

Why is striated muscle an evolutionary advancement of arthropods?




a. It cannot be digested by predators.
b. It is lighter than primitive muscle.
c. It is maneuverable.
d. It must be contained within an exoskeleton.
e. It makes rapid movement possible.





Answer: E

Porifera use _____ to digest food.

Porifera use _____ to digest food.




a. a flow-through digestive system
b. individual digestive cells
c. cnidoblasts
d. polyps
e. flagellated cells





Answer: B

What prey detection capability do toothed whales have?

What prey detection capability do toothed whales have?




a. astute sense of smell
b. sharp eyesight
c. keen taste sensors
d. Ability to detect internal body heat
e. Echolocation





Answer: E

Why can algal blooms be dangerous?

Why can algal blooms be dangerous?



a. Algae produce methane.
b. dinoflagellates use up needed oxygen
c. Too much algae can limit photosynthesis.
d. Too much algae causes pollution.
e. Some dinoflagellate species synthesize toxins.





Answer: E

Compensation depth is always below the _____.

Compensation depth is always below the _____.



a. intermediate bottom waters
b. aphotic zone
c. depth of greatest productivity
d. oxygen minimum zone
e. depth of light penetration






Answer: C

What limits productivity at high latitudes?

What limits productivity at high latitudes?



a. Upwelling
b. High sun angle
c. Low sun angle
d. High surface salinity
e. Darkness of water





Answer: C

How do accessory pigments in seaweeds work?

How do accessory pigments in seaweeds work?



a. They act independently from chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates.
b. They replace chlorophyll in the photosynthetic cycle.
c. They produce carbohydrates through chemosynthesis.
d. They allow chlorophyll to absorb different wavelengths of light.
e. They absorb dim blue light and transfer the energy to chlorophyll molecules.






Answer: E

How do mangrove root systems help stabilize deltas?

How do mangrove root systems help stabilize deltas?



a. The roots trap and hold sediments.
b. Animals often live in the root systems.
c. The roots can use both salt and freshwater.
d. The roots allow tidal mixing.
e. The roots extend over the water surface.






Answer: A

What does the term plankton describe?

What does the term plankton describe?




a. A phylum
b. A lifestyle
c. A genus
d. An evolutionary relationship
e. A type of locomotion





Answer: B

What is the relationship of organisms in a trophic pyramid?

What is the relationship of organisms in a trophic pyramid?




a. Primary producers take energy from all other levels.
b. Each level consumes the level underneath for energy.
c. Top consumers eat all other organisms in the pyramid.
d. Primary producers eat all other organisms in the pyramid.
e. The mass of consumers becomes larger higher up the pyramid.




Answer: B

How does chemosynthesis differ from photosynthesis?

How does chemosynthesis differ from photosynthesis?



a. Chemosynthesis is accomplished by top consumers.
b. Chemosynthesis releases stored energy.
c. No sunlight is required for chemosynthesis.
d. Photosynthesis relies on chemical energy.
e. Photosynthesis only occurs on land.






Answer: C

What occurs in a mass extinction?

What occurs in a mass extinction?



a. More species evolve than die.
b. Accelerated evolution occurs.
c. Earth's climate changes slowly.
d. Accelerated mutation occurs.
e. Many species die off simultaneously.






Answer: E

What is the advantage of using scientific names?

What is the advantage of using scientific names?



a. There is only one name per species.
b. There are many names per species.
c. They provide information about location of habitats.
d. They provide unique information on tolerance to different conditions.
e. They are easy to pronounce.





Answer: A

Why does deep water tend to contain more carbon dioxide than surface water?

Why does deep water tend to contain more carbon dioxide than surface water?





a. High pressure dissolves more gases.
b. Deep water contains more organisms.
c. Deep water tends to be warmer.
d. Carbonates are dissolved in deep water.
e. Cold, deep water contains more gas at saturation





Answer: E
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