What is the main component of a shark skeleton?
W)Cartilage
X)Bone
Y)Dentine
Z)Chiton
Answer: W
What is the main component of a shark skeleton?
W)Cartilage
X)Bone
Y)Dentine
Z)Chiton
Answer: W
W)Cartilage
X)Bone
Y)Dentine
Z)Chiton
Answer: W
The habitat of blue whales, tunas and swordfishes is best described as
The habitat of blue whales, tunas and swordfishes is best described as
W)Benthic
X)Littoral
Y)Estuarine
Z)Pelagic
Answer: Z
Approximately how many teeth can a shark lose and replace in its lifetime?
Approximately how many teeth can a shark lose and replace in its lifetime?
W)1.000.000
X)30.000
Y)1.000
Z)100
Answer: X
Which of the following marine mammals is NOT found in or near Antarctica?
Which of the following marine mammals is NOT found in or near Antarctica?
W)Polar bears
X)Emperor penguins
Y)Leopard seals
Z)Killer whales
Answer: W
Which of the following is an important predator of the sea urchin?
Which of the following is an important predator of the sea urchin?
W)Harbor seal
X)Sea Otter
Y)Giant Pacific octopus
Z)Mola Mola
Answer: X
Which of the following is NOT believed to be a major cause of the declining salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest?
Which of the following is NOT believed to be a major cause of the declining salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest?
W)overfishing
X)habitat alteration
Y)increased temperatures
Z)dam removal
Answer: Z
Seals have a variety of adaptations for deep dives. To avoid nitrogen narcosis, which adaptation is most helpful?
Seals have a variety of adaptations for deep dives. To avoid nitrogen narcosis, which adaptation is most helpful?
W)ATP production by fermentation rather than respiration
X)Exhaling at the start of the dive and collapsing the lungs
Y)Reliance upon stored oxygen in blood and muscles
Z)Re-routing blood flow to where it is most needed
Answer: X
Intensive aquaculture of which of the following organisms has contributed to loss of mangroves around the world?
Intensive aquaculture of which of the following organisms has contributed to loss of mangroves around the world?
W)Tilapia
X)Cod
Y)Shrimp
Z)Salmon
Answer: Y
Northern elephant seals come ashore during the spring and summer to do what?
Northern elephant seals come ashore during the spring and summer to do what?
W)Mate
X)Give birth
Y)Eat
Z)Molt their fur
Answer: Z
Which of the following is an example of nekton?
Which of the following is an example of nekton?
W)Plankton
X)Barnacles
Y)Sipunculid worms
Z)Sea turtles
Answer: Z
What do Cnidarian (nih-dare-E-ans) release as a defense mechanism?
What do Cnidarian (nih-dare-E-ans) release as a defense mechanism?
W)Statocysts
X)Otoliths
Y)Niematocysts
Z)Spicules (spic-U-ulhs)
Answer: Y
Which of the following fish species is jawless?
Which of the following fish species is jawless?
W)Hagfish
X)Monkfish
Y)Yellowtail flounder
Z)Mackerel
Answer: W
What plant did the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program discover that lived in the Arctic ocean 50 million years ago?
What plant did the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program discover that lived in the Arctic ocean 50 million years ago?
W)freshwater ferns
X)gingko trees
Y)prickly pear cacti
Z)cat tails
Lophelia (LO-fee-lee-ua) coral reefs in the North Atlantic are being primarily damaged by:
Lophelia (LO-fee-lee-ua) coral reefs in the North Atlantic are being primarily damaged by:
W)Rising temperature
X)Trawling
Y)Cyanide poisoning
Z)Pfiesteria
Answer: X
Which of the following is NOT a predominant characteristic of subtropical oceans?
Which of the following is NOT a predominant characteristic of subtropical oceans?
W)Weak wind
X)Weak surface currents
Y)Clear skies with abundant sunshine
Z)Stormy weather with high winds
Answer: Z
How are tsunamis primarily formed?
How are tsunamis primarily formed?
W)Strong winds pushing water up against the land
X)Movement of the seafloor displacing large volumes of water
Y)Landslides entering the ocean from nearby steep slopes on land
Z)Sudden melting for ice
Answer: X
What is a tornado over the ocean called?
What is a tornado over the ocean called?
W)Sea tornado
X)Water tornado
Y)Waterspout
Z)hurricane
Answer: Y
Which of the following is NOT used to calculate the density of water?
Which of the following is NOT used to calculate the density of water?
W)Salinity
X)Oxygen content
Y)Pressure
Z)Temperature
Answer: X
Which of the following does NOT influence sea surface salinity?
Which of the following does NOT influence sea surface salinity?
W)precipitation
X)air pressure
Y)evaporation
Z)runoff from land
Answer: X
What is the term that describes the height of a wave above the mean
What is the term that describes the height of a wave above the mean
W)Wave amplitude
X)Wave height
Y)Wavelength
Z)Wave Period
Answer: w
Stokes Law states that the sinking velocity of a particle depends on which of the following factors?
Stokes Law states that the sinking velocity of a particle depends on which of the following factors?
W)Whether the particle is phytoplankton or detritus
X)The stratification of the water column
Y)The intensity of wave action at the surface
Z)the size and density of the particle
Answer: Z
What part of a tidal cycle has minimal current?
What part of a tidal cycle has minimal current?
W)Ebb tide
X)Slack tide
Y)Flood tide
Z)Lunar tide
Answer: X
What does the term sigma-t define?
What does the term sigma-t define?
W)The specific gravity of sea water
X)The density anormaly of sea water
Y)The density of sea water
Z)The statistical variation in the density of sea water
Answer: X
Which of the following is NOT a predominant characteristic of subtropical regions?
Which of the following is NOT a predominant characteristic of subtropical regions?
W)Weak winds
X)Weak surface currents
Y)Clear skies with abundant sunshine
Z)Stormy weather with high winds
Answer: Z
The dominant process shaping coastal topography is which of the following?
The dominant process shaping coastal topography is which of the following?
W)Ice push
X)Seismic disturbances
Y)Turbidity currents
Z)Wave action
Answer: Z
High tidal range coastlines do NOT feature:
High tidal range coastlines do NOT feature:
W)Large tidal flats
X)Broad marshes
Y) Amphidromic points
Z)Strong currents
Answer: Y
What is the approximate age of the oldest oceanic crust?
What is the approximate age of the oldest oceanic crust?
W)100 thousand years
X)1 million years
Y)50 million years
Z)180 million years
Answer: Z
Defined as mass per unit volume, what property is a useful means of identifying minerals?
Defined as mass per unit volume, what property is a useful means of identifying minerals?
W)Relativity
X)Density
Y)Luminosity
Z)Heat Flow
Answer: X
Which of the following is NOT an example of a metamorphic rock?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a metamorphic rock?
W)Gneiss
X)Schist
Y)Marble
Z)Basalt
Answer: Z
What is the point on the surface of the Earth that is directly above an earthquake called?
What is the point on the surface of the Earth that is directly above an earthquake called?
W)focus
X)hypocenter
Y)hypercenter
Z)epicenter
Answer: Z
In 2006, which expedition led by the grandson of Thor Heyerdahl (Higher-doll), replicated the 1947 Kon Tiki voyage
In 2006, which expedition led by the grandson of Thor Heyerdahl (Higher-doll), replicated the 1947 Kon Tiki voyage
W)Thor Tiki
X)Nordic Voyage
Y)Equatorial expedition
Z)Tangaroa expedition
Answer: Z
This word originates from the Norse word for piracy:
This word originates from the Norse word for piracy:
W)Sailor
X)Viking
Y)Knarr
Z)Leif
Answer: X
How often have men descended to the Challenger Deep?
How often have men descended to the Challenger Deep?
W)Never
X)Once
Y)Twice
Z)Three times
Answer: X
In 1933, the US tanker Ramapo encountered the highest wave ever measured reliably. How tall was this wave?
In 1933, the US tanker Ramapo encountered the highest wave ever measured reliably. How tall was this wave?
W)12 meters
X)23 meters
Y)34 meters
Z)45 meters
Answer: Y
Which of the following is NOT an example of human-made structure designed to stabilize the shoreline?
Which of the following is NOT an example of human-made structure designed to stabilize the shoreline?
W)Jetty
X)Pier
Y_Groin
Z)Breakwater
Answer: X
The first reliable measurement of the average depth of an ocean was made by which method?
The first reliable measurement of the average depth of an ocean was made by which method?
W)Timing the speed of earthquake-generated waves in the Pacific
X)Repeatedly lowering a lead line or sounding line in Antartica
Y)Using acoustic depth sounders in the Atlantic
Z)Collecting deep sea sediments from multiple sites in the Arctic
Answer: W
When calculating a position fix, a GPS receiver solves for four position variables: longitude, latitude, height and what other variable?
When calculating a position fix, a GPS receiver solves for four position variables: longitude, latitude, height and what other variable?
W) Satellite speed
X)Receiver speed
Y)Receiver time drift
Z)Satellite time drift
Answer: Y
A box corer is used for collecting samples of what?
A box corer is used for collecting samples of what?
W)Sediment
X)Fish
Y)Water
Z) Plankton
Answer: W
An XBT is an oceanographic instrument that measures which of the following parameters?
An XBT is an oceanographic instrument that measures which of the following parameters?
W)Salinity
X)Oxygen
Y)Iron
Z)Temperature
Answer: Z
What cycle refers to the movement of water through reservoirs?
What cycle refers to the movement of water through reservoirs?
W)Watershed cycle
X)Hydrologic cycle
Y)Water life cycle
Z)Oceanographic cycle
Answer: X
What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?
What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?
W)Increased coastal pollution
X)Ships dumping waste batteries
Y)Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Z)Phytoplankton fecal pellets
Answer: Y
Salinity has historically been measured by determining the amount of following elements in the water?
Salinity has historically been measured by determining the amount of following elements in the water?
W)Sodium
X)Chloride
Y)Magnesium
Z)Sulfate
Answer: X
Which of these is NOT considered a major ion in seawater?
Which of these is NOT considered a major ion in seawater?
W)Sodium
X)Magnesium
Y)Nitrate
Z)Chloride
Answer: Y
Together, sodium and chloride alone comprise approximately what percent of the total salts in the ocean?
Together, sodium and chloride alone comprise approximately what percent of the total salts in the ocean?
W)100
X)90
Y)50
Z)10
Answer: X
What chemical is the principle source of energy at many of Earth's hydrothermal vent systems?
What chemical is the principle source of energy at many of Earth's hydrothermal vent systems?
W)Oxygen
X)Carbon dioxide
Y)Hiydrogen Sulfide
Z)Iron Oxide
Answer: Y
Which of the following are NOT impacted by the decreasing pH levels of ocean water, termed ocean acidification?
Which of the following are NOT impacted by the decreasing pH levels of ocean water, termed ocean acidification?
W)Growth rates of coral reefs
X)Mollusk shells
Y)Diatom shells
Z)Shark's teeth
Answer: Y
When traveling down the water column which will dissolve first?
When traveling down the water column which will dissolve first?
W)A shell composed of aragonite
X)A shell composed of calcite
Y) Neither will dissolve
Z)A shell composed of calcium carbonate
Answer: W
What are the two forms of calcium carbonate precipitated by living organisms?
What are the two forms of calcium carbonate precipitated by living organisms?
W)Calcite and aragonite
X)Hematite and bauxite
Y)Calcite and Silicate
Z)Nacrite and feldspar
Answer: W
What chemical is the principle source of energy at many of Earth's hydrothermal vent systems?
What chemical is the principle source of energy at many of Earth's hydrothermal vent systems?
W)Oxygen
X)Carbon dioxide
Y)Hiydrogen Sulfide
Z)Iron Oxide
Answer: Y
Which of the following are NOT impacted by the decreasing pH levels of ocean water, termed ocean acidification?
Which of the following are NOT impacted by the decreasing pH levels of ocean water, termed ocean acidification?
W)Growth rates of coral reefs
X)Mollusk shells
Y)Diatom shells
Z)Shark's teeth
Answer: Y
When traveling down the water column which will dissolve first?
When traveling down the water column which will dissolve first?
W)A shell composed of aragonite
X)A shell composed of calcite
Y) Neither will dissolve
Z)A shell composed of calcium carbonate
Answer: W
What are the two forms of calcium carbonate precipitated by living organisms?
What are the two forms of calcium carbonate precipitated by living organisms?
W)Calcite and aragonite
X)Hematite and bauxite
Y)Calcite and Silicate
Z)Nacrite and feldspar
Answer: W
What chemical is the principle source of energy at many of Earth's hydrothermal vent systems?
What chemical is the principle source of energy at many of Earth's hydrothermal vent systems?
W)Oxygen
X)Carbon dioxide
Y)Hydrogen Sulfide
Z)Iron Oxide
Answer: Y
When traveling down the water column which will dissolve first?
When traveling down the water column which will dissolve first?
W)A shell composed of aragonite
X)A shell composed of calcite
Y)Neither will disolve
Z)A shell composed of calcium carbonate
Answer: W
Which of the following is a characteristic of an estuarine turbidity maximum?
Which of the following is a characteristic of an estuarine turbidity maximum?
W)Increased flocculation
X)Low suspended sediment concentrations
Y)Kelvin waves
Z)Temperature change
Answer: W
Which region is known by the nickname "Pirate Alley" due to the large amount of pirate activity in the area?
Which region is known by the nickname "Pirate Alley" due to the large amount of pirate activity in the area?
W)Yellow Sea
X)Arabian Sea
Y)Okhotsk Sea
Z)Gulf of Aden
Answer: Z
Which landmass straddles a mid-ocean ridge?
Which landmass straddles a mid-ocean ridge?
W)Madagascar
X)Iceland
Y)Greenland
Z)Australia
Answer: X
Which continent does NOT border the Indian Ocean?
Which continent does NOT border the Indian Ocean?
W)Africa
X)Asia
Y)North America
Z)Australia
Answer: Y
Which country has a coastline with a major area?
Which country has a coastline with a major area?
W)Namibia
X)Australia
Y)Peru
Z)Norway
Answer: Y
Which landmass straddles a mid-ocean ridge?
Which landmass straddles a mid-ocean ridge?
W)Madagascar
X)Iceland
Y)Greenland
Z)Australia
Answer: X
This national marine sanctuary, sometimes called The Galapagos of California, is home to kelp forests, sea lions and blue whales.
This national marine sanctuary, sometimes called The Galapagos of California, is home to kelp forests, sea lions and blue whales.
W)Stellwagen Bank
X)Channel Islands
Y)Monterey Bay
Z)Olympic Coast
Answer: X
What United Nations conference, also known as the Earth Summit, led to the agreement to protect the biodiversity on Earth?
What United Nations conference, also known as the Earth Summit, led to the agreement to protect the biodiversity on Earth?
W)United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
X)United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
Y)United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
Z)Habitat International Coalition Conference
Answer: X
What 1979 Act gave the EPA the power to monitor and regulate the disposal of sewage sludge, industrial waste, radioactive waste and biohazardous materials into the nation's territorial waters?
What 1979 Act gave the EPA the power to monitor and regulate the disposal of sewage sludge, industrial waste, radioactive waste and biohazardous materials into the nation's territorial waters?
W)Oil Ocean Act
X)Anti-Debris Act
Y)Debris Reduction Act
Z)Ocean Dumping Act
Answer: Z
In what year did the North American Pacific herring fishery collapse?
In what year did the North American Pacific herring fishery collapse?
W)2990
X)1993
Y)1995
Z)2000
Answer: X
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